Ameya360:Powering E-Paper Displays with <span style='color:red'>NFC</span> Energy Harvesting
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Ameya360:Powering E-Paper Displays with NFC Energy Harvesting

　　Based on innovative technology, e-paper displays offer significant advantages over traditional displays. Thanks to their unique characteristics, it is not necessary to continuously power the screen; it is sufficient to supply energy when the content of the displayed page is modified. In this way, significant energy savings are obtained, which, in battery-powered applications, translates into greater autonomy.　　Additionally, because power consumption is very low, e-paper displays can be powered through energy-harvesting solutions—for example, by converting the RF energy produced by a near-field communication (NFC) transceiver into electricity. Hence, by combining printed e-paper displays with NFC technology, a new range of battery-less products is enabled.　　In this article, we’ll provide a practical implementation guide on how NFC can be used to power Ynvisible’s e-paper displays.　　Ynvisible e-paper displays　　Ynvisible displays are based on an e-paper technology called Electrochromic Display (ECD), which uses organic electrochromic polymers. Unlike other display technologies that emit light, Ynvisible e-paper devices are categorized as reflective displays, meaning they reflect the ambient light instead of using a backlight. The displays are produced on inexpensive plastic (PET) substrates, making the displays thin and flexible.　　These printed e-paper displays achieve very low power consumption. One square centimeter of active display area requires about 1 mJ to be activated, while the recommended driving voltage is ±1.5 V. That allows Ynvisible’s e-paper displays to achieve the lowest energy consumption on the market for most use cases.　　Additionally, the displays include an image memory (or image retention), which is a crucial component for applications that don’t require batteries. The average image retention duration for Ynvisible’s standard displays is between five and 15 minutes. A brief refresh pulse may be necessary to retain full contrast after this time period, depending on the use case. The displays are manufactured using roll-to-roll screen-printing and lamination processes. They are non-toxic, ITO-free, and mainly comprised of PET plastic. The plastic substrate and roll-to-roll production means thin, flexible, scalable, and highly cost-effective displays.　　Ynvisible also offers a segment e-paper display kit, which allows customers to evaluate the ultra-low–power, thin, and flexible segment e-paper displays. Each e-paper display kit (see below figure) comes with different display designs and includes an e-paper display driver with I2C interface with related user manual.　　Harvesting NFC RF power　　NFC is a short-range data-exchange technology for electronic devices. An inductive pair between two antennas serves as the basis for the communication. NFC does not require that one of the two communicating devices has built-in power, in contrast to many other communication interfaces. Instead, the power transmitted by an NFC reader/writer (such as a smartphone) is harvested to generate power. Contactless payments are NFC’s most typical use case.　　To power an Ynvisible e-paper display with energy harvested from an NFC signal, an antenna and a rectifier diode are required. The power from the antenna will be transferred to the display by inductive coupling between the transceiver and the antenna itself. The signal needs to be rectified with a diode because the display requires direct current. If the display content is intended to fade off quickly after activation, the rectifying diode can be connected in parallel with the display.　　However, if the application requires communicating some data, such as reading an identification code (RFID) or writing data to the device, an NFC chip would be necessary. These chips come in a wide variety of models and vendors, and they each have unique features.　　They fall into three categories:　　1.NFC data storage chips. The transceiver can read and/or write data to the chip　　2.NFC data storage ICs with I2C communication and power output (energy harvesting). These chips can be used to power and/or communicate with an MCU over NFC.　　3.NFC chips with embedded processor. These chips can be thought of as MCUs with NFC capability, which means they have all of the standard MCU functionalities, plus the potential to be powered and/or communicated with via NFC.　　Each of the above IC groups requires a different connection scheme to the display. The following are the most common approaches adopted for implementing the display connection:　　1.Connect in parallel with NFC chip. Following this approach, the NFC chip and the display are connected in parallel. The IC and the display are not directly connected, while the NFC signal powers both the chip and the display. In this scenario, the display will turn on regardless of the transmitted data.　　2.Power output of the NFC chip. If the chip belongs to the second group, the display can be connected directly to the chip’s power output. Similarly to the previous case, the display will turn on regardless of the transmitted data.　　3.MCU in between the NFC chip and the display. Using a host controller in between the chip and the MCU is another method applicable to the second group of chips. Due to the MCU’s ability to read the data from the NFC chip, conditional display driving is made possible. If the user has the authority to read the label, this could be handy when the display needs to be turned on.　　4.Use built-in GPIOs to control the display. This approach is similar to the previous one, but because the MCU capabilities are embedded into the Category 3 NFC chips, no intermediate host controller is needed.　　The power of NFC　　NFC has the potential to replace batteries as the main power source in many applications. From a cost, sustainability, and recyclability perspective, batteries often limit the adoption of electronics and printed intelligence in new applications. Target markets for Ynvisible, its partners, and clients include those for medical technology, smart packaging, smart cards, brand protection, and security gadgets.　　The platform obtained combining NFC and e-paper display technologies can help to create the future of intelligent items, sensors, and other printed electronics.
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Release time：2023-02-24 15:56 reading：1711 Continue reading>>
ST, MediaTek Enter <span style='color:red'>NFC</span> Partnership
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ST, MediaTek Enter NFC Partnership

　　STMicroelectronics has said that it will integrate its contactless NFC technology with MediaTek’s silicon, allowing smartphone makers to design handsets supporting mobile services, including payments and other online transactions.　　By integrating ST’s NFC chipset with MediaTek’s SoCs, the partners aim to help mobile OEMs overcome technical challenges such as antenna design, integration, and miniaturization while cutting bill-of-material costs and enabling interoperability with payment terminals at retailers and transportation hubs.　　The NFC partnership with MediaTek, the second-ranked supplier of mobile-phone silicon after Qualcomm, may give ST an advantage in its competition with NXP in a market that the Dutch chip supplier has dominated for years. The ST-MediaTek partnership draws the battle lines more clearly with Qualcomm, which aims to acquire NXP.　　Mobile payments and other contactless applications are enabled by NFC technology used in payment cards and terminals. ST says that its latest NFC chipsets provide robust wireless connections over extended distances to make mobile payments easy, dependable, and private while protecting against cybersecurity threats including eavesdropping and hacking.　　“ST will provide its NFC technology to MediaTek to deliver high-contactless-performance solutions to OEMs with a focus on cost and integration optimization,” said Marie-France Florentin, Group Vice President at STMicroelectronics, in a press statement.　　ST has been quietly amassing — through acquisitions and licensing — key technologies that it says are boosting its NFC chips’ performance, both in reliability and distance.　　ST’s latest NFC Systems-in-Package ST54F and ST54H comprise the ST21NFCD NFC controller with active load modulation for extended range with the ST33G1M2 and ST33J2M0 embedded secure elements (eSE) and operating system.　　ST believes that the NFC market is poised to expand because of Apple’s recent decision to let developers code for iOS 11 to create apps that can read NFC tags. Android phones have been doing this for several years with little success. But as Apple throws its weight into this field, ST and other industry observers are hopeful that Apple will spur the growth of NFC applications beyond payment.　　Mobile payments are likely to see triple-digit growth in coming years, with contactless transport ticketing also rising fast in Asia, notably in China’s largest cities, according to a Business Insider report.　　The obstacles slowing widespread adoption of in-store mobile payments include consumer disinterest as well as delays in implementing the necessary infrastructure.　　Consumers are showing interest in wallets with integrated loyalty programs. Other potential add-ons, like in-app, in-browser, and P2P payments, will start fueling adoption, according to the Business Insider report. The strategy has proven successful in China with platforms like WeChat and Alipay. With mobile payments, enhanced security, faster checkout, and loyalty integration are advantages for customers and merchants that will eventually convince both parties to embrace the technology, said the report.
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Release time：2017-09-08 00:00 reading：1219 Continue reading>>
<span style='color:red'>NFC</span> Players Welcome Broader iPhone Support
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NFC Players Welcome Broader iPhone Support

　　Buried in the supporting data for Apple’s announcement of iOS11 is the news that, for the first time, iPhones will be able to use both near field communications (NFC) tag mode and reader mode.　　In current versions of iOS, NFC may be used for wireless payments as part of ApplePay, but this is so far the only possible use case. Enabling NFC reader mode in the operating system will allow scenarios such as tap-to-pair with Bluetooth devices, and location-based services such as tap to gain information about a particular place or item.　　Although Android phones have had this capability for some time, and NFC technology has been around for some years, the technology has not quite reached its potential to date.　　Acknowledging that uptake of NFC technology has been “spotty” so far, Jeff Miles, vice president of sales for mobile transactions at NXP, pointed to inconsistent user experience as a major culprit.　　"We’ve been telling the world about this technology for 10 years, but changing consumer behaviour is easier said than done," Miles said. "It’s incredibly important now to ensure it’s done right — the user experience has to be consistent... in the past, there have been great tag technologies around, but how they have been implemented, and how co-ordinated the approach has been has been variable."　　With iPhones such a large part of the smartphone market, Apple wields considerable power to kickstart widespread acceptance of NFC technology, something that NFC chip makers have welcomed.　　"It unlocks a big part of the market that we think is very exciting," Miles said. "Our hope is that this news expands the use cases, as happened with Bluetooth, creative developers and brands can create new applications we haven’t yet thought of."　　Patrick Sohn, marketing manager for NFC/RFID tags and readers at STMicroelectronics, was similarly optimistic.　　"Many consumer and IoT applications were considering implementing NFC technology, but were waiting for it to be supported universally by all of the top cell phone manufacturers," Sohn said, citing health and wellness accessories, wearables, smart sensors and smart posters as key applications. "This is good news in general for the NFC technology and is a significant sign that the technology is becoming mainstream for IoT/consumer applications."
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Release time：2017-07-18 00:00 reading：910 Continue reading>>

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